the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid such awkward situations. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). Unjustified negative action towards a member of a group because they belong to that group. divided her class into blue eyes and brown eyes to teach her kids about discrimination. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. This fact is consistent with the principle that ________ breeds prejudice. They have been chosen for their school team to participate in a math competition against other local schools. Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. June 7, 2022 1 Views. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. a. warrior Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. ethnocentric. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. They are excited on the morning of the competition because they both believe that their team is going to win since they are the better team. d. father care. -cies. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. B) Having the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). B) Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. a. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. Receives a utility bill on July 2 totaling $4,560 for services received during June. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). This finding is consistent with the theory that some countries, like the U.S., emphasize an individualistic self-concept. D) GRIT. Draw a circle graph with this information. . Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in: Nestor belongs to the cross-country ski club at his college but is not a member of the downhill ski club. A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. c. hindsight bias. Ingroup favoritismthe tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in other groupsis well documented, but the mechanisms driving this behavior are not well understood. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. Ingroup bias, or ingroup favoritism, is a bias in which people tend to favor people who exist in similar groups as them. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. b. conformity 1. a natural or prevailing disposition to move, proceed, or act in some direction or toward some point, end, or result. This best illustrates: This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). Other Quizlet sets. python 3d scatter plot with labels; skepticism. Early. If someone is in our "ingroup," we are more likely to trust them. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism . ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. (a) Find the demand functions, x(p,m)x^*(p, m)x(p,m) and y(p,m)y^*(p, m)y(p,m). c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. ethnocentrism . that most people like women more than men. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Most people have a positive view of themselves. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: . Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. b. deindividuation. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. Social Sciences. These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? In general, those high in SDO have a strong belief in work ethicthat hard work always pays off and leisure is a waste of time. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. Prejudice. The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is an ideology that emphasizes conformity or obedience to authority (Altemeyer, 1988). Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. We commonly say that we should not label others but we cannot help but do so. Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Three pathways by which self-concept can shape how we communicate are self-esteem, self-monitoring, and Multiple Choice self-serving bias. HLT. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Consequently, the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon direction a . One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. This best illustrates. Under the proper circumstances, most people can suppress their natural aggressiveness. The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. You are Black, and you have difficulty recognizing the White customers who were in your store during a robbery. Log in Join. First, there is the problem of stereotyping. The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. Since 1946, the average midterm loss for the president's party is 25 seats. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others is a false statement. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. b. physical attractiveness. Devine, P. G. (1989). b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. a. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. This comment is an example of: Describing positive behaviors by an ingroup member in terms of his or her general disposition, but describing the same behavior by an outgroup member as a specific, isolated act reflects: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, iGCSE PE 10.1 Leisure and Recreation / The Gr. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. Verify that U/p=x(p,m)\partial U^* / \partial p=-x^*(p, m)U/p=x(p,m). The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. to have power or mastery over. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. People who score high on SDO believe that some groups are inherently better than others, and because of this, there is no such thing as group equality. At the same time, though, SDO is not just about being personally dominant and controlling of others; SDO describes a preferred arrangement of groups with some on top (preferably onesown group) and some on the bottom. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. Pages 14 Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). What 29 terms. "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Es gratis registrarse y presentar tus propuestas laborales. Ethnocentrism. Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. a. ingroup bias. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". D) the effects of exposure to violent pornography. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. c. outgroup bias. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. d. deindividuation. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. Exam 1 Dr. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. 1. Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). 97 terms. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. attitude. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. Make a truth table for the below given statement. This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. The tendency to favor one's own . Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. People naturally create mental categories. Women cannot drive. Busca trabajos relacionados con All of the following are examples of measures of central tendency except o contrata en el mercado de freelancing ms grande del mundo con ms de 22m de trabajos. Historical examples abound. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. d. the fundamental attribution error. c. frontal lobes At another end of the spectrum are homeless people and drug addicts, stereotyped as not having good intentions (perhaps untrustworthy) and likewise being incompetent (unable) to do anything useful. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions.