On the other side Shia from Hezbollah in Lebanon and from Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah militias from Iraq have backed the Syrian government. According to a report by the Human Rights Watch: Shia Muslims, who constitute about eight percent of the Saudi population, faced discrimination in employment as well as limitations on religious practices. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, have sent thousands of volunteers to fight with the Taliban regime and "in return the Taliban gave sanctuary to their leaders in the Afghan capital of Kabul."[219]. In contrast, most Shia were largely unaffected as their center was not in Iran at this time. ", according to Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid. They complain about the food and seating. They were all very materialistic complaints. In conservative Sunni monarchies (especially those with restless Shia populations) dislike and suspicion of Iran, the Shia bastion, is running higher than ever. Almost 90% of Pakistan's Muslim population is Sunni, with 10% being Shia, but this Shia minority forms the second largest Shia population of any country,[206] larger than the Shia majority in Iraq. Introduction. [202], The small Persian Gulf island state of Bahrain has a Shia majority but is ruled by Sunni Al Khalifa family as a constitutional monarchy, with Sunni dominating the ruling class and military and disproportionately represented in the business and landownership. Muhammad Khudabandah, the famous builder of Soltaniyeh, was among the first of the Mongols to convert to Shiaism, and his descendants ruled for many years in Persia and were instrumental in spreading Sh thought. In 1305, the Sunni Mamelukes carried out a grand campaign to erase the Shiite dominance in the coastal mountains of Lebanon. [116] They included Shia leader Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. [52] The Shia also believe that he promised them that the Caliphate, or at least religious authority, would be vested in the Shia Imam. Many distinctions can be made between Sunnis and Shias through observation alone: When prostrating during ritual prayer called Salah in Arabic. During this period, the Shia in Iran were nourished from Kufa, Baghdad and later from Najaf and Al Hillah. Posted April 14, 2017. In many parts of the world, Sunni and Shia Muslims are locked in bloody conflicts. The Shia argument is that Abu Hurairah was only a Muslim for four years of his life before Muhammad's death. The findings of this research prove that the division between Sunni and Shia is not primarily based on religion, as many believe, rather, the division is a result of politics over time. ShiaSunni strife inside of Afghanistan has mainly been a function of the puritanical Sunni Taliban's clashes with Shia Afghans, primarily the Hazara ethnic group. A post shared by J A S M I N E F A R E S (@jasminefares). "[18], In these years Allama Muhammad Taqi Qummi travelled to Cairo and started his efforts for reforming Islamic unity at Al-Azhar University, since 1938. According to one estimate, of the approximately 1,200 foreign fighters captured in Syria between summer 2003 and summer 2005, 85% were Saudis. jasminefares Hamilton, Ontario Washington, DC: National Geographic 2008, "Hijab, The Muslim Womens Dress, Islamic or Cultural? You must either accept to be Muslims or leave Afghanistan. June 1, 2022. hotel group in singapore. [82], Some tension developed between Sunnis and Shia as a result of clashes over Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at the hajj. [186], According to Pew, roughly 99% of Egyptian Muslims regarded themselves as Sunni Muslims. [113], The British, having put down a Shia rebellion against their rule in the 1920s, "confirmed their reliance on a corps of Sunni ex-officers of the collapsed Ottoman empire". The war between Iran and Iraq was one of the bloodiest of the century, with an estimated one million Iranians and up to half-a-million Iraqis dying in the conflict. As well as this they found that it was not worth spending on other people. Some see a precursor of Pakistani ShiaSunni strife in the April 1979 execution of deposed President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on questionable charges by Islamic fundamentalist General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. The declaration of Shi'ism as the state religion of the realm by Shah Ismail 1501 Tabriz central mosque. [196] In response the Yemeni government has implemented a campaign to crush to the Zaidi-Shia rebellion"[197] and harass journalists. On the other hand, the Ismaili dawah ("missionary institution") sent missionaries (dut, sg. Mutah is not the same as Misyar marriage or 'Arfi marriage, which has no date of expiration and is permitted by some Sunnis. They both believe that there is only one all-powerful God who created the world and all life in it. [220] Some of the slaughter was indiscriminate, but many were Shia targeted by the Taliban. For every tear shed, it is said that a hundred sins are forgiven. Among those blaming the US invasion of Iraq are Fawaz Gerges, who writes in his book ISIS: A History, By destroying state institutions and establishing a sectarian-based political system, the 2003 US-led invasion polarized the country along Sunni-Shia lines and set the stage for a fierce, prolonged struggle driven by identity politics. Until the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, the Shia never governed a modern Arab state. "Today, Azerbaijan is probably the only country where there are still mixed mosques and Shia and Sunnis pray together. [207] Amongst the culprits blamed for the killing are Al-Qaeda working "with local sectarian groups" to kill what they perceive as Shia apostates, and "foreign powers trying to sow discord. Geographically, the Sunni/Shia picture differs across the Middle East and the rest of the world (see graphic, above). After the Mongol invasion Shiims and Sufism once again formed a close association in many ways. Could this have been the main cause of their choice? Ambassadors were withdrawn from both countries. Intercommunal violence resurfaced in 193536 and again in 1939 when many thousands of Sunni and Shias defied the ban on public demonstrations and took to the streets. The commonly-known term is shortened from the historical Shia't-Ali , or "the Party of Ali." This group is also known as Shiites or followers of Ahl al-Bayt or "People of the Household" (of the Prophet). Saudi Arabia backed Iraq in the 19801988 war with Iran and sponsored militants in Pakistan and Afghanistan whothough primarily targeting the Soviet Union, which had invaded Afghanistan in 1979also fought to suppress Shia movements. The Buyids, who were Zaidi and had a significant influence not only in the provinces of Persia but also in the capital of the caliphate in Baghdad, and even upon the caliph himself, provided a unique opportunity for the spread and diffusion of Shia thought. Balochistan People's Front, "Zahedan bombings intended to foment Sunni-Shia conflict: governor", "No casualties in renewed bombing in south-east Iran 02/16/07", "UNSC condemns terrorist act in Iran's Zahedan", Ahmadinejad sheds crocodile tears for Sunnis in Iran, "Shi'ite supremacists emerge from Iran's shadows", "Mullahs Increase Persecution of Sunni Muslims in Iran", Blasts target Iraq's Shia Muslims on the eve of Ashura, Latest Iraq blast targets Shia mosque, September 16, 2005, Four days after al-Qaeda in Iraq declared all-out war on the Shiite majority, more than 250 people have been killed, "Bombs kill 42 outside mosques in Lebanon's Tripoli", "Al Qaeda: Hezbollah To Blame For Lebanon Bombings That Killed Dozens In Tripoli", "Car bomb kills 20 in Hezbollah's Beirut stronghold", "Pilgrimage to Karbala Sunni and Shia: The Worlds of Islam", "Egypt's Shiite Minority: Between the Egyptian Hammer and the Iranian Anvil", "Egypt: Attack On Shia Comes At Dangerous Time", "Egypt mob attack kills four Shia Muslims near Cairo", "Egypt: Lynching of Shia Follows Months of Hate Speech", Yemeni President: al-Houthi is an ill man, mentally abnormal, The Rule of Law Sidelined in the Name of Security, "Yemen crisis: Islamic State claims Sanaa mosque attacks", "Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan", "Pakistan: Rampant Killings of Shia by Extremists", "With Iran-Backed Conversions, Shiites Gain Ground in Africa", "As Trump Makes Threats, Iran Makes Friends", "Nigerian Muslims: We love Imam Khamenei, we fight to death for Iran", "Mass graves for '300 Shia Nigerians' in Zaria", "Zaria Massacre: Army deliberately targets reproductive organs of IMN's women; They shouted 'there will never be Shia in Nigeria', "Indonesia Shia group accuse extremist Sunni leaders of violating constitution", "Attacks Planned Against Indonesia's Shia Community, Govt Says", "Shia Ideologies In Malaysia Being Wary Of Its Threats", "Annals of National Security: The Redirection", "Supporting Bahraini Apartheid Is Not in America's Interest", "Sectarian tensions underlying conflict in Syria erupt in Sydney and Melbourne", "Syria's Civil War Spills Over in Sydney", "Sectarian tensions running high, say Australian Muslim leaders", "Islamic State grooming Aussie teens as young as 14 for terror army online", "Kurds accused of "ethnic cleansing" by Syria rebels", "Islamic State-controlled parts of Syria, Iraq largely out of reach: Red Cross", "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State", "ISIS Now Has a Network of Military Affiliates in 11 Countries Around the World", "ISIS Crimes against Humanity For Immediate release", "Questions Rebels Use to Tell Sunni From Shiite", "Iraq conflict: Shia cleric Sistani issues call to arms", "The war against jihadists. 38 23 20 7 1 29 29Iraq 24Afghanistan 16Iran* 1 Lebanon Azerbaijan Very big . However, Sunnis are heavily populated in countries like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Indonesia. In turn, Shia religious scholars have "mocked and cursed" the first three caliphs and Aisha, Mohammed's youngest wife who fought against Ali.[108]. The Shia faith in the Levant started spreading during the Hamdanid rule, which commenced in the start of the 10th century. In December 2015 the Nigerian government alleged that the Islamic Movement attempted to kill Nigeria's army chief-of-staff. [169], Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Shia in Hasa ignored the ban on mourning ceremonies commemorating Ashura. Jasmine & Dawoud (@jasmineanddawoud) on TikTok | 32M Likes. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud bin Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz said: The two parties have agreed to stop any attempt aimed at spreading sectarian strife in the region. [citation needed] Nevertheless, Shia have been forbidden all but the most modest displays on their principal festivals, which are often occasions of sectarian strife in the Persian Gulf region, with its mixed SunniShia populations.[163]. [104][105][106] Thus, although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, and "the leadership position that went with it",[107] his revolution worked against it. The word Shia in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. In time, these immigrants adopted the Arabic language and Arab identity, but their origin has been used to "unfairly cast them as lackeys of Iran". Visit our, Well for the gorgeous Jasmine Fares she decided against this and chose to not have the big day. In response, Abd al Aziz sent Wahhabi missionaries to the Eastern Province, but he did not carry through with attempts at forced conversion. Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). This is known today as the Islamic schism. The division between Sunnis and Shi'as is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. There are many intermarriages between Shia and Sunnis in Pakistan. [227] In 1998 Nigerian President General Sani Abacha accused Ibrahim El-Zakzaky [228] of being a Shia. [199][200][201], A March 2015 suicide bombing of two mosques (used mainly by supporters of the Zaidi Shia-led Houthi rebel movement), in the Yemeni capital of Sanaa, killed at least 137 people and wounded 300. During the 20th century, an Islamic uprising in Syria occurred with sectarian religious overtones between the Alawite-dominated Assad government and the Islamist Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, culminating with the 1982 Hama massacre. European Pressphoto Agency After Ali also was assassinated, with a poison-laced sword at the mosque in Kufa, in what is now Iraq, his sons Hasan and then Hussein claimed the title. [192], Muslims in Yemen include the majority Shafi'i (Sunni) and the minority Zaidi (Shia). Monument commemorating the Battle of Chaldiran, which was fought between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid dynasty. From the rules of both Sunni and Shia Islam, marriage between Sunni and Shia Muslim is allowed, and Sunni nikah is also recognized valid in Shia Islam; so it is not compulsory to change from this point. Hundreds of El-Zakzaky's followers were also arrested. August 12, 2016. Whereas Sunnis dominate the Muslim world, from West Africa to. The concept of Shi'ism further crystallized around events at the Battle of Karbala, where Husayn ibn Ali, the son of Ali and grandson of the prophet, was killed alongside many of his supporters. [198], These latest measures come as the government faces a Sunni rebellion with a similar motivation to the Zaidi discontent. The report notes that while some of the information received may be difficult to corroborate there is a clear impression that the right of freedom of religion is not being respected with regard to the Sunni minority. Neighboring Iran is home to the world's largest Shia population: Between 90% and 95% of Iranian Muslims (66-70 million people) were Shias in 2009, according to our estimate from that year.
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