reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's /Width 371 Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. What is federalism? The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. >> So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Nigeria. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. 2. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . /BitsPerComponent 8 The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. stream Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. We appreciate you. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. 3. June 1,2022 Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Power Sharing Formula Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Adobe d C The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . 7 Topics . In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Excellent, thanks a lot f . Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Your email address will not be published. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Pls visit us again dear reader. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. << First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . 7. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? 74 . 2. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. 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The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria.