life 2021 sap nat nature

Prod. FaterSMART. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. Phillips, T. Brazil begins parliamentary inquiry into Bolsonaros Covid response. Political and institutional perils of Brazils COVID-19 crisis. Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era. Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. Fig. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. 34, 189200 (1991). Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Lancet Glob. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Chem. In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. For the base case scenario (absence of COVID-19), we used mortality rates reported in 2019, which we treated as cause-deleted life tables (that is, there were no deaths from COVID-19 in 2019), and applied these to the population at risk to obtain expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. Alarifi, A. S. & Aouak, T. Synthesis of acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylate or methacrylate ester polymers using pervaporation. However, this approach can lead to low yields due to competitive ester hydrolysis41,42 and catalyst deactivation by water43. Therefore, COVID-19 sequelae might shorten individual lifespan. The lack of a coordinated, prompt and equitable response informed by science, as well as the promotion of disinformation, have been the hallmark of the current administration27. 10, 4153 (2021). Google Scholar. Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1 min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2 min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps,. Science 360, 2829 (2018). Catal. The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. The SAP SF and Payroll Rollout initiative is a strategic technology that will reinvent the HR function in the implementing markets This initiative will establish an integrated HR platform that. The decline was larger for males, widening by 9.1% the femalemale gap in e0. Chem. 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. The estimated decline for Brazil was 0.94 years for both sexes, 0.66 years for females and 1.17 years for males. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). <> projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" 2). For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. J. ADS Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. Polym. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP - More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States - Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision - Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments U.S. Patent 2,917,538 (December 15, 1959). To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. Int. 2 0 obj In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. In closed-loop chemical recycling, chemical transformations are used to cleave the polymer into its monomers (depolymerization), or to create a polymer with equivalent function12. Article Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos PubMedGoogle Scholar. Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. Stab. For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. Slider with three articles shown per slide. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 109, 57555798 (2009). J. Environ. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. 5). Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). An alternative recycling route known as chemical recycling was developed to address these challenges8,9,10,11. VIGISAN. First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. ISSN 2041-1723 (online). 364, 19851998 (2009). and S.K. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. M.C.C. X.iieS(,& of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. (ed.) I\{vd^TC{3SR ZL]hXSU}HcQnVH~;kJ{r]%44FG>~iOq|_nK.u2AMr4P'1Lc3FwMEEet8uU6BmgM1jH#Nip $jmVP->Y$FB4|Kf }Y Thank you for visiting nature.com. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. Estimates of period mortality rates require an estimate of the population exposed to the risk of dying. . The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. Faria, N. R. et al. Khoo, S. C. et al. J. Org. and M.T.R. sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. Moriguchi, T. & Arita, Y. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. Nature and Biodiversity ). WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. Skilled in Business Planning, Operations Management, Business Intelligence, and Logistics Management. Caruso, M. M. et al. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. Google Scholar. Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R. & Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine Part B 52, 873896 (2013). Duque, D. Auxlio Emergencial faz pobreza cair em plena pandemia. Buss, L. F. et al. Future Market Insights (FMI). The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. IBGE. served as a sounding board throughout the project. The authors declare no competing financial interests. et al. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. To obtain More specifically, we compared four different cradle-to-product LCA scenarios: poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) production in the conventional industrial approach and three variations of the recycling process: (i) sonicating the 2.5% w/v polymer solution for 1min, (ii) sonicating the 5.0% w/v polymer solution for 2min, and (iii) no sonication of the 5% w/v polymer solution. 1)24,25,26. sub-programme "Circular economy and quality of life". We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. Informao Demogrfica e Socioeconmica. In contrast, few studies have examined recycling of the sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers. Teikti paraik ia. 2. and N.G. is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. 19, 36923706 (2017). 3 0 obj Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. M.C.C. Lancet Glob. We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. We have included these important steps in our life cycle assessments, however, our syntheses utilized the more readily accessible samples of superabsorbent polymer used to manufacture diapers at P&G. As expected, the VWs are higher with larger Mw, which is due to the increased chain entanglements. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). Among the states, Amazonas lost approximately 60% for both sexes and 68% among males. and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team. SKILLS Experienced in Master Data . Sci. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Acc. and T.A. Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. The main results presented in the text are based on differences between the 2019 and 2020 life tables, for two primary reasons. Nat. Bystryak, S., Santockyte, R. & Peshkovsky, A. S. Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. The resulting materials exhibit low-to-medium storage and loss moduli, and as such, are applicable as general-purpose adhesives. Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. | Saiba mais sobre as conexes, experincia profissional, formao . EUROPE FACILITY. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. Faria, N. R. et al. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). 26, 565581 (2000). 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). ACS Sustain. M.C.C., N.G., T.A. Proven ability to identify and interpret a. Article Takaya, C. A. et al. A. Larger relative femalemale gaps were estimated for e65an increase of 16.3% in 2020 in Brazil and a 107% increase in 2020 in Amap. J. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. Chem. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). Life Cycle Assess. Dev. sub-programme "Nature and Biodiversity". 6, 35893595 (2018). 1, 46 (2017). Simes, C. C. S. Breve histrico do processo demogrfico. Article State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Res. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). While catalytic depolymerization methods20 can, in principle, proceed without side-chain degradation, they have not yet been demonstrated for commercial sources of polyacrylic acid. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. Estimated change in e0 (c) and e65 (d) in 2021. 4 0 obj <> We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950 (2020). An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Fagnani, D. E. et al. Lines represent changes for Brazil. For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. Plastics and the Environment. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. 4d). Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). Tbuas Abreviadas de Mortalidade por Sexo e Idade. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. Trans. Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)).