colorado blizzard 2007 colorado blizzard 2007

For the first time in six years, Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio canceled classes as a result of the snow. Denver itself received over 30 inches (0.76m) of snow and over 55 inches (1.4m) total for the season.[3]. 50 from Pueblo to Kansas, which had been closed most of the weekend, reopened at 8 p.m. on Dec. 31. [citation needed] County Emergency Dispatch officials reported about a dozen or so minor vehicle accidents due to the slippery conditions. [5] Overall, National Guard units, including ones from Wyoming and Oklahoma, dropped feed to an estimated 345,000 cattle stranded by ten foot drifts. The Blizzard of 1997 - October 24th - 26th. In the heaviest snowfall since 1913, a mid-March blizzard in 2003 dropped 31.8 inches in Denver, making it one of the costliest storms to address, at a whopping $33.6 million, based on insurance claims. But the Armistice Day Blizzard, which (as the name suggests) hit Nov. 11, 1940, quickly and unexpectedly brought a flurry of deadly snowfall. A brief, weak tornado knocked down a few trees. Image. Also in New York state, in the hills and valleys south of Syracuse, snowfall depths ranged from 24 to 45inches (6101,100 mm). Wind whipped snow accumulations ranged from 7 to 10inches (180250mm) fell throughout the area, especially the southeastern suburbs, including 8.5 inches (220mm) at both Detroit Metropolitan Airport and Wyandotte, and 8.4 inches (210mm) in Dundee. Ice accumulations in Virginia and Maryland reached locally three-quarters of an inch (20mm)[15] while it reached 1 inch (25mm) in central Ohio near Columbus and Xenia, with up to 0.7 inches (18mm) near Cincinnati.[16]. The second blizzard to hit Colorado followed a nearly identical path, with nearly identical conditions. Website questions: Contact Micki Trost at micki.trost@state.co.us. Maine Governor John Baldacci declared a state of emergency in order to assure heating oil for residents of the state, which was one of the hardest hit areas by the snowstorm. Winds during this storm reached 60 miles per hour, and hundreds of cars were left stranded on Pena Boulevard on the way to DIA. [2] The National Weather Service has determined that this storm was one of the three largest snowstorms to hit the inland areas of the northeastern United States since 1940.[3]. In Scranton, Pennsylvania the Toyota Pavilion at Montage Mountain collapsed under the weight of the snow on February 15, 2007. At 4:59 PM, The Berks Deputy Coordinator called the State Emergency Operations Center and was told the center learned of the backup at 4:33 PM. Lansford continued their state of emergency on the 15th, which was issued on the 14th. This was a series of blizzards that occurred during the last few weeks of 2006 and in the beginning weeks of 2007. RELATED: There was a huge blizzard in Colorado one October, and here's what happened, RELATED: Oct. 24, 1997: Epic October snowstorm dumps 2 feet of snow on Denver. The blizzard covered homes. Routes 36 and 85.The city of Denver was shut down, the US Mail was . Year around work in Summit & Eagle Counties. This means that all non-essential travel should be avoided. The airport reopened 22 December at 12:00PM MST having been closed for a record 45 hours.[1]. A blizzard warning continues for the northeast plains through Tuesday night. [49] A global warming hearing in the U.S. House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality scheduled for February 14 and a showing of the film An Inconvenient Truth at Maryville University in St. Louis were also cancelled.[50]. The storm moved southward toward the Kansas State line late Dec. 30.Although the storm weakened before New Years Eve, the blizzards fierce winds created snow drifts as high as 15 feet in some places, causing widespread destruction and trapping people in their homes and travelers in their vehicles.The Colorado National Guard was called in immediately.Several herds of cattle were caught in the rangeland, unable to walk across the snow-covered pasture.By the time the storm passed, it dropped 30 plus feet of snow throughout the valley. [5], Heavy ice amounts fell for locations along Interstate 95 from Maine to Virginia and west towards southern Ohio and Indiana. All had been restored by Tuesday morning. January 6-10, 1996. Even more notable? Officials say that cost would cripple the town, which in the past year lost one of its largest employers with the closure of Neoplan Bus USA, a bus manufacturing company that ceased production in January 2006.Officials in La Junta also estimate that it will cost the town $1 million. Jan 26, 2007. Strong winds also accompanied the storm but damage was minimal, though a radio tower pole was toppled by 40mph (64km/h) winds in Ohio. On January 5, 2007, Senator Wayne Allard (R-Colo) and Congresswoman Marilyn Musgrave (R-Colo) introduced legislation that would give aid to the state, counties, cities, as well as residents and livestock owners who suffered blizzard-related losses in Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico and Oklahoma. A Quiznos Sub in Syracuse, New York closed due to snowfall affecting shipments. Heavy snow continued to beleaguer Colorado residents in the days that followed. This allowed mainly light snow to overspread the region from south to north during the early morning hours of the 13th. Holiday Blizzard I was focused mainly on the Colorado Front Range, resulting in far smaller snow totals for the mountain ski resorts. At 5 PM on the 15th, the state orders Interstate 78 shut down in both directions from Interstate 81 in Lebanon County to Route 100 in Lehigh County. On Thursday, Oct. 23, it was evident that Colorado was about to get hit hard the next day. [3] Many of the side streets in Denver remained covered in snow which turned to thick ice due to continued residential traffic. The weekend snowstorm became the fourth-largest ever recorded in Denver with 24.1 inches of snow at the city's official measurement point at Denver International Airport as of 6 p.m. Sunday . [45] The University of Illinois canceled their classes for two consecutive days for the first time in at least 27 years. After several weak Alberta clippers crossed the eastern half of the continent and brought occasional light snowfalls, a large dip in the Northern branch of the jet stream favored a more active pattern, which, as it connected with the southern branch, led to the development of the storm. Colorado was known to get some snow in October, and still does today, but it doesn't happen every year, and normally when it does, it's just a few wet inches that melts away quickly. DENVER When it snows, it snows in Denver! This strong tornado first touched down in Westwego before crossing the, 1 death A second strong tornado touched down after the previous one dissipated and struck the Pontchartrain Park neighborhood in Gentilly northeast of. Numerous areas had substantial snowfall deficits before this storm. This was the strongest tornado in southwest Louisiana since the. [48] In New Hampshire, presidential candidate Mitt Romney (R) was forced to cancel a campaign appearance. For a brief time during the afternoon of the 14th, temperatures rose a couple of degrees above freezing with no precipitation falling. Legislative meetings in Ohio and Pennsylvania were also affected due to the bad weather. The Midway total was the largest amount of snow received in the month of February for one midnight-to-midnight day since records began to be kept in 1928. As the storm hit on the week of Valentine's Day, numerous deliveries were delayed significantly. PHOTOS: 1982 Christmas blizzard dumps 24 inches on Denver. As this occurred, a strong area of high pressure located across central Canada built down into the Northeast, allowing very cold air to spill southward ultimately leading to what is known as cold air damming. One accident occurred when a tractor-trailer jack-knifed on the Mansion House Hill, Route 209, in Jim Thorpe at about 4 AM on the 14th. The entire state of Colorado will get a break from snow Thursday night and Friday morning. The February 2007 North American blizzard was a massive winter storm that affected most of the eastern half of North America, starting on February 12, 2007 and peaking on Valentine's Day, February 14. While the residents of East St. Louis first woke up to stifling 100-degree heat; by late afternoon, the temperature soared to 117 degrees. Due to the previous heavy snowfalls and lack of snow removal on many residential streets (still nearly impassable from the first storm) were unmanageable. The effect on much of Michigan by the storm was light, although the extreme southern part of the state was hard hit with heavy snowfall, especially the Detroit Metro area. . On February 14, for only the third time in school history, Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania canceled classes as a result of the snow. At 8:20 AM on the 14th, it was decided that drifting was occurring more frequently than road crews could clear, resulting in the heavily traveled road being closed. [42] Syracuse University canceled all classes after 12:45 pm on Wednesday, closing for only the third time in its 130-year history; for SUNY Geneseo, the previous snow day had occurred 14 years ago;[43] for Ithaca College, the first time in 13 years;[44] for the University of Toledo, the first time in 22 years due to winter-related conditions. Nicole Parker, 7304 Blizzard Court, Las Vegas, NV 89145 Find homes for sale, market statistics, foreclosures, property taxes, real estate news, agent reviews, condos, neighborhoods on Blockshopper.com Heavy snowfall, strong winds and freezing temperatures . By Thursday the 15th, the storm had moved into eastern Canada. Accounting Coordinator / Deputy Town Clerk: Responsible for various accounting functions, licensing of short term rentals and tobacco retailers, providing. . In addition to significant structural damage to numerous buildings, including a dozen destroyed, 20,000 residents lost power across the metropolitan area. At 6 PM on the 15th, plowing begins and continued through the night. 20.7 inches. The first blizzard began early on Wednesday December 20, 2006, as a storm blew through the eastern plains of Colorado spilling as much as two feet of snow up and down Interstate-25, from Fort Collins to Pueblo. Due to the near-record amounts of snow in the Appalachian Mountain chain, National Weather Service officials had issued statement for a higher risk of avalanches across northern New England. This is by far the biggest April snowstorm in Denver history,according to Weather 5280. The neighbors roof was damaged by flying debris. Earlier, at about 4:45 p.m., traffic was reopened on Interstate 25 after snow was cleared to the New Mexico border. A blizzard is forecast to bring more than a foot of snow and high winds to up to eight states in the Northeast . March 2003. Bn c th d dng tm kim cho . Denver International Airport, the tenth busiest airport in the world and one of the busiest places in Colorado, rarely closes for weather, but was forced to shut down operations for a record 45 hours. [citation needed]. Denver has had its fair share of record snowfalls during the last 100 years, but three of them certainly stand out. Considering the current weather pattern, it may be difficult to believe that 21 years ago a life-taking blizzard was raging across eastern Colorado. Several old barns and metal sheds were lightly damaged, and numerous trees were downed, including at least one that fell onto a mobile home. Many grocery stores, department retailers and other service providing institutions were shut down or severely limited in the diversity of their supplies. Denver saw a reported 45.7 inches of snow - the most snow ever recorded in the Mile High City. (Photo By Larry C. Price/The Denver Post . Mammoth Lakes, traditionally one of the snowiest places in California, had nearly 4 feet (1.2 meters) of snow over the past three days. Downtown Denver, in particular, experienced severe economic hardships as a result since so many paths were not clear for potential customers, but it was the same throughout many places. While not technically a . The cost for snow removal in December 2006 alone was $2.8 million and for the period January to March 2007 the cost was $10.2 million. On the 16th, the interstate remained closed throughout the day as crews continued to plow and remove ice. Several trailers, homes, barns and sheds were damaged along the path. Bill Owens, who flew over the area that morning, described the scene as a white wasteland, with little sign of life outside scattered towns. There was only four confirmed deaths as a result of this storm, but any fatalities are too many fatalities. The snowfall totals from this storm were in addition to the snow that had fallen just a week previously. [24] Numerous other major roads were also temporarily shutdown, including Highway 401 in Ontario due to a fatal accident in Napanee and Autoroute 20 and Route 132 in eastern Quebec between Quebec City and Rimouski. [27] Other stretches of highway throughout Pennsylvania were shut down, including Interstate 80, 81, and after the storm, even the Pennsylvania Turnpike. Several winter storm warnings and a blizzard warning have been issued across Colorado as a winter storm approaches, bringing the possibility of up to 3 feet of snow in some areas on Wednesday. Summit Daily is embarking on a multiyear project to digitize its archives going back to 1989 and make them available to the public in partnership with the Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. Severe weather was also reported south of Birmingham, Alabama, near Jackson, Mississippi as well as in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina. Meanwhile, a Pacific storm slammed onto the California coast during the 11th and as it moved eastward, a new area of low pressure developed across southeastern Colorado and the Texas Panhandle. RELATED: Remembering the March 2003 blizzard, RELATED: What do the March 2003 blizzard and this snowstorm have in common? RELATED: Denver saw its biggest blizzard ever in December 1913. RELATED: Blizzard of 1913 dumps 45 inches of snow on Denver. Several schools' classes were canceled after years without a snow day. From back cover: The Journeys of the Stranger continue as John Stranger, his love, Breanna Baylor, and the residents of Delta Valley, Colorado, stand against evil and lawlessness in the action packed Blizzard. Clarification note on previous post: After review more records, This is the first blizzard warning that we are aware of (even dating back before 2007)," it wrote. Carriage House Early Learning Center is hiring a qualified Assistant Director who has a passion for making a difference in, Position is full time M-F 8:00 - 5:00 pm. The heart of this storm was in Denver, Colorado and caused many roads to shut down as well as the Denver International Airport. Severe winter weather is impacting millions of Americans across the country. "Warm today. Police started to block off areas where the ice was falling, however one man was hit in the head by the falling ice and was knocked to the ground. Two brick homes received significant roof damage. . Entry Level Training opportunity for the right candidate. On the 15th at 3:54 AM, state troopers and emergency personnel began walking miles of Interstate 78, waking up truckers who have gone to sleep as traffic begins to move. The Holiday Blizzard II was another intense snow storm. [46] A blizzard warning forced Purdue University to suspend classes for the first time in 13 years. The combination of a heavy snowfall then a mix of sleet, snow and freezing rain made for hazardous road conditions. There have been no reported human deaths but officials are estimating that about 3,500 cattle may have been killed.There are an estimated 340,000 head of cattle in the region.On Dec. 31, widespread rescue efforts began.Searchers using helicopters and single-engine planes crisscrossed the frozen plains looking for people stranded by the blizzard that closed highways and brought life to a standstill.Gov. As a Summit Daily News reader, you make our work possible. One tornado hit a subdivision of New Orleans that was still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Contact Tim at TimV@vabhoa.com, Job Title: Community Administrative Manager Main Function: Responsibility for the day-to-day management of several condominium communities. The blizzard warning is in effect from midnight on Monday to . In Pittsburgh, tourist sites such as the zoo and aquarium were closed. Nevertheless the airport didn't close -- although it did reward people for changing their flights, since getting out to DIA was the most treacherous part. Four inches (100mm) of sleet caused travel difficulties and hampered cleanup efforts in New York City. In and around the Greater Philadelphia Metropolitan area, in Bucks County, slippery road conditions contributed to a tractor-trailer accident on the 14th on Route 309 in Richland Township. Numerous flights were canceled due to the snow and ice across various airports including in Toronto, Ottawa, Quebec City, Montreal, Kansas City, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Cleveland, Boston and Cincinnati. A subsequent storm, smaller in scope, struck the area less than a week after the second blizzard, further hampering removal efforts and travel in the region. The NOAA classified the storm as a Category3 "Major" storm. (Saturday night) and (tonight) we will clear the schools, Klein said. It began on December 20, 2006 with a powerful blizzard which crippled the region, forcing the closures of Interstate Highways 25, 76 and 70, as well as U.S. 45.7 inches of snow. It could dump up to a foot of snow in many mountain communities and bring blizzard-like conditions to a stretch of the . Essential employees remained staffed, and classes were held at professors' discretion. [51][52] About 7,500 customers in Indiana near the Indianapolis region were still without power on February 15, down from a peak of about 50,000 especially in the Bloomington area. [20][21] GO Train in Toronto and Amtrak train service from Boston was also disrupted. As some warmer air began to move in above the surface, the snow mixed with and changed to sleet and freezing rain between 6 PM and 7 PM EST on the 13th in Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, then between 7 PM and 11 PM across most other areas in eastern Pennsylvania. The National Weather Service has issued a blizzard warning for areas north and east of Denver in the Eastern Plains of the state. The Holiday Blizzards were major storms occurring in two segments during the last two weeks of December 2006 in the Denver, Colorado area. Hundreds of flights were canceled, and many upset travelers were stranded in the DIA terminals, and even though the plows were used to maximize clearing the runways, thousands of travelers were forced to extend their stay at DIA. At 1:02 PM, a truck driver tells the Berks Communications Center about a seven-mile backup on the eastbound lanes of Interstate 78 near Hamburg. [citation needed], In addition to the general snowfall, snow squalls coming from Lake Ontario gave local amounts of over 2feet (600mm) of snow near the Hamilton and Niagara regions, where 1 foot (0.30m) of snow had already fallen on February 13. There was a lull in the precipitation during the evening hours of the 13th especially across southeastern Pennsylvania, however the precipitation became widespread overnight and during the early morning hours of the 14th. In Berks County, snow and sleet along with very cold temperatures combined with some accidents and other aspects to cause a 50-mile backup on Interstate 78. The eastern San Juan Mountains are under a blizzard warning from 5 p.m., Tuesday until 5 a.m., Thursday. After Holiday Blizzard II the Colorado National Guard was sent to the Southeastern Colorado Plains in an attempt to access small towns isolated by heavy snowdrifts. Colorado Snow. University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, "VALENTINE'S DAY WINTER STORM CLASSIFIED AS A CATEGORY 3 "MAJOR" STORM", "Valentine's Day storm stacks up against history", "Snow about to give hard-hit towns a break", Snowstorm rumbling through Ontario, moving east, Winter storm that battered Midwest slams into Northeast, hindering travel and closing schools, "Capital Region Hit by Major Winter Storm", Governor Rendell Declares Disaster Emergency Statewide, Urges Motorists to Avoid I-78 as Efforts Continue to Help Stranded Motorists, "Total Snowfall from the Feb 1314 2007 Snowstorm", "Snowstorm sends semis spinning, heads east", "Preliminary February 1314, 2007 Snowfall/Ice", Snowstorm sends semis spinning, heads east, New winter storm through Midwest creates havoc for travellers, Several More Crashes Complicate Evening Rush, "Les conditions routires sont toujours difficiles", STUCK ON I-78: Many Motorists Stranded on Closed Highway, Governor Rendell Launches Investigation Into State's Winter Storm Response, Southern Ontario shoveling out from storm, "Trucker dies on I-87 where phones don't work: Driver collapses in snow along Northway", "Man dies in storm-related highway accident", "Three dead in Bennington from shoveling-related heart attacks", Storm across Midwest, East kills 5; travel treacherous, Storm cancels classes, flights in Northeast, "Storm leaves behind snow, ice, frustration", "Motorists free, highways closed as death toll rises", "House Hearing on 'Warming of the Planet' Canceled after Ice Storm. Many parts of Northern and Northeastern Indiana received between 12 and 20inches (300510mm), and blizzard conditions for an extended period of time. A brief tornado destroyed a house that was under construction. There was an estimated 100,000 people effected by the closure of . [citation needed]. The blizzards occurred within a week of each other. March 2003 Blizzard in Colorado. The southern portion of the storm produced severe thunderstorms with numerous tornadoes reported. In Edgefield County, numerous other trees were downed, three outbuildings were destroyed, and one other was severely damaged. Susquehanna University in nearby Selinsgrove, however, remained open with no official cancellations. . Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio closed its campus for two days, beginning February 13, for the third time in 25 years. Owens declared an emergency in the region.Through the afternoon of Dec. 31, some roads in Eastern Colorado remained closed, including eastbound Interstate 70 from Denver to Kansas.U.S. The school board was criticized for opening schools on that day. In Pennsylvania, Governor Ed Rendell declared a disaster emergency across the entire state on the 15th. On the 17th at 4 PM, the interstate reopened. In the Poconos, in Carbon County, The Mansion Hill (SR 209) exiting Jim Thorpe towards Lehighton was closed for most of the 14th due to snow slides blocking the major artery or tractor-trailer trucks becoming stuck and blocking the travel lanes. The 1913 blizzard dumped nearly 46 inches of snow on the city, virtually shutting it down . When it snows in Denver and people say "it could be worse," this is what they're talking about. Massive 20 to 50 foot snow drifts were reported along the Wyoming . Along coastal New England, a mix of rain, sleet, and freezing rain resulted in decreased snow amounts in coastal areas of New England.in coastal Maine, snowfall amounts were restricted to 612inches, while inland sections of the state got as much as 29.8inches of snow. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But the Armistice Day Blizzard, which (as the name suggests) hit Nov. 11, 1940, quickly and unexpectedly brought a flurry of deadly snowfall. [3] Once the snow melted, the city was faced with filling over 50,000 potholes that resulted from the extreme temperatures and moisture.[3]. The school district parochial schools were closed on the 14th, as were the regional and central administrative offices. Eastern Colorado was hit with 20-50 inches of snow, according to the Colorado Climate Center, and at least 13 people died. The February 2007 North American blizzard was a massive winter storm that affected most of the eastern half of North America, starting on February 12, 2007 and peaking on Valentine's Day, February 14.The storm produced heavy snowfalls across the midwestern United States from Nebraska to Ohio and produced similar conditions across parts of the northeastern United States, and into Canada in . At 6:08 PM, the Berks Emergency Management Deputy Coordinator finds that the Hamburg barracks is without power and phones. Interstate 80 was closed between Interstates 81 and 380. Blizzard conditions hit Colorado as winter storm heads east. A mobile home was pushed into a neighbor's car and house. The weight of snow and ice, on the 14th, brought down the dome over the swimming pool at the West End Racquet and Fitness Club in South Whitehall Township. This was a main trouble spot as the snow and sleet reportedly drifted on the hill across part of the highway. The entire state was mired in drifts of snow up to 8 feet (2.4m) high and, at some locations, even higher drifts existed. Extreme weather Colorado Snow Blizzard. The storm produced heavy snowfalls across the midwestern United States from Nebraska to Ohio and produced similar conditions across parts of the northeastern United States, and into Canada in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. The storm killed 100 people. The 1913 blizzard blew more than three feet of snow into Denver. The same storm that spawned the previous tornado later spawned this low-end EF2 tornado to the northeast. On February 16, Governor Ed Rendell called for a thorough investigation into how the state handled the winter weather emergency, citing a lack of communication and quick action as the cause of the problems, and even going so far as to taking responsibility for the situation. The Berks Deputy Coordinator took the call. 2 T 609 Triu. An area of low pressure tracked across southeastern Canada during the 12th, which brought an arctic front across the Mid Atlantic region late on the 12th. > In the video above, listen to 9NEWS Meteorologist Cory Reppenhagen talk about how models predict snow totals in Denver. [26], Severe ice caused a 50-mile (80km) stretch of Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania between Lebanon County and Allentown to be shut down, stranding motorists for upwards of 24 hours and requiring the National Guard to be called in. In Northampton County, an 83-year-old woman was found dead on the rear porch of her home from hypothermia. Sporadic tree and building damage occurred. *Xe nhp khu, mu xm, my xng , s t ng . 31 other homes sustained lesser damage, trees were downed, and other debris was blown across fields and into trees along the path as well. Holiday Blizzard II hit the Colorado Front Range almost as hard as the first storm, however, this storm moved south and east, burying the Southeastern Colorado Plains with 3' of snow, with snowdrifts topping 10' in some places. October 1997 - Passersby give motorist Joe Proctor a shove along West Bijou Street in Colorado Springs on Saturday morning, October 25, 1997. The 1913 blizzard still holds the record to this day, and the March 2003 storm is one Coloradans will never forget. Colorado Holiday Blizzard I. History Colorado/89.451.2635 Due to the unprecedented amount of snowfall, the city's 200-mile streetcar system came to a halt, while several buildings and structures collapsed beneath the heavy . Coming so soon after the first blizzard and forecast to be another major storm, the approach of this storm prompted runs on grocery stores, hardware stores (for snow shovels, snow blowers and generators, among other items) as residents prepared to be snowed in for a second time. On January 4, 2007, United Airlines announced more than $40million in losses from the storms' effects on holiday travel. By most estimates, it was the 4th largest storm in state recorded history, (though some readings place it at 6th), and the largest state blizzard since March 2003. ", Ice-Laden Limbs, Power Lines Lead To Power Outages, Thousands Remain without Power after Storm, Scattered Power Outages Reported Around Region, A blizzard for some, an icy mess for others, "Digging out continues in capital region", "Snowfall totals from the February 1314, 2007 winter storm", "Storm Prediction Center 20070213's Storm Reports", "Storm Prediction Center 20070212's Storm Reports", "South Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado", Major snowstorm hits midwestern United States, Additional storm summary from NWS Albany, NY, Severe weather summary from NWS Birmingham, AL, Major snow and ice events in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=February_2007_North_American_blizzard&oldid=1142689845, 2007 natural disasters in the United States, February 2007 events in the United States, Articles with dead external links from May 2016, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Articles with failed verification from August 2015, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0.